With reference to the image, where is the OPS card placed to provide the OMSP protection?

1. A. After the amplifiers
2. B. Between the mux/demux and the amplifier
3. C. Between the transponders and the mux/demux
4. D. Before the transponder, on the client side, towards the external device

Correct Answer: D

What is a Shared Risk Group (SRG)?

1. A. A set of fibers that share the same latency risk
2. B. A set of boards that share the same failure risk
3. C. A set of nodes that share a common risk of hardware failure
4. D. A set of network resources that share a common failure risk

Correct Answer: D
According to the Nokia Optical Networking documentation, a Shared Risk Group (SRG) is defined as "a set of network resources that share a common failure risk. When a resource in an SRG fails, the other resources in the group are also affected." This can include fibers, boards, nodes, and other network resources. The SRG concept is used in network design and protection mechanisms to ensure survivability and minimal impact on service in case of a failure.

Which of the following is an example of optical protection mechanism?

1. A. Optical regeneration (e.g., back-to-back regeneration)
2. B. OSNCP (e.g., via Y-cable or OPS card)
3. C. GMPLS-enabled SBR
4. D. GR and SBR combined

Correct Answer: B
It can be implemented through the use of a Y-cable or an optical protection switch (OPS) card, which allows for the switching of traffic to a secondary path in the event of a failure on the primary path. This type of protection is commonly used to protect against fiber cuts and other types of physical layer failures in the optical transport network.

With reference to trails and services, which of the following sentences is correct?

1. A. Trails are transported over services; that is, trails are clients with respect to services.
2. B. A trail can interconnect three ports, while a service always two.
3. C. Services are transported over trails; that is, services are clients with respect to trails.
4. D. A service is always associated to a single wavelength, while a trail can involve multiple wavelengths.

Correct Answer: C
Services are transported over trails; that is, services are clients with respect to trails. A service is a logical connection that is used to transport data from one point to another. It is created over a trail, which is a physical connection that is established by using multiple wavelengths. As such, services are clients with respect to trails, as they are transported over them.

By using the EPT run design command, are the previously designed elements removed?

1. A. Yes, they are but only the first time the command is launched as - for future design phases - the existing packs need to keep the same slotting.
2. B. It depends, the user is prompted to choose whether to delete or leave the previously designed elements.
3. C. Not the design is always progressive, on top of the previous design.
4. D. Yes, although this is not happening in case of GMPLS-enabled nodes because existing slots cannot change as they are controlled by another manager (GMRE).

Correct Answer: B
The EPT run design command can remove previously designed elements, but the user is prompted to choose whether to delete them or leave them intact. This allows the user to progress their design while still keeping the existing elements in place. If the user selects to leave the existing elements, then they will remain in the same slots. If GMPLS nodes are used, the existing slots cannot change as they are controlled by another manager (GMRE).