A security analyst is writing a shell script to identify IP addresses from the same country. Which of the following functions would help the analyst achieve the objective?

1. A. function w() { info=$(ping -c 1 $1 | awk -F “/” ‘END{print $1}’) && echo “$1 | $info” }
2. B. function x() { info=$(geoiplookup $1) && echo “$1 | $info” }
3. C. function y() { info=$(dig -x $1 | grep PTR | tail -n 1 ) && echo “$1 | $info” }
4. D. function z() { info=$(traceroute -m 40 $1 | awk ‘END{print $1}’) && echo “$1 | $info” }

Correct Answer: B
The function that would help the analyst identify IP addresses from the same country is:
function x() { info=$(geoiplookup $1) && echo “$1 | $info” }
This function takes an IP address as an argument and uses the geoiplookup command to get the geographic location information associated with the IP address, such as the country name, country code, region, city, or latitude and longitude. The function then prints the IP address and the geographic location information, which can help identify any IP addresses that belong to the same country.

An analyst needs to provide recommendations based on a recent vulnerability scan:

Which of the following should the analyst recommend addressing to ensure potential vulnerabilities are identified?

1. A. SMB use domain SID to enumerate users
2. B. SYN scanner
3. C. SSL certificate cannot be trusted
4. D. Scan not performed with admin privileges

Correct Answer: D
This is because scanning without admin privileges can limit the scope and accuracy of the vulnerability scan, and potentially miss some critical vulnerabilities that require higher privileges to detect. According to the OWASP Vulnerability Management Guide1, “scanning without administrative privileges will result in a large number of false negatives and an incomplete scan”. Therefore, the analyst should recommend addressing this issue to ensure potential vulnerabilities are identified.

Which of the following techniques can help a SOC team to reduce the number of alerts related to the internal security activities that the analysts have to triage?

1. A. Enrich the SIEM-ingested data to include all data required for triage.
2. B. Schedule a task to disable alerting when vulnerability scans are executing.
3. C. Filter all alarms in the SIEM with low severity.
4. D. Add a SOAR rule to drop irrelevant and duplicated notifications.

Correct Answer: B

An analyst is evaluating a vulnerability management dashboard. The analyst sees that a previously remediated vulnerability has reappeared on a database server. Which of the following is the most likely cause?

1. A. The finding is a false positive and should be ignored.
2. B. A rollback had been executed on the instance.
3. C. The vulnerability scanner was configured without credentials.
4. D. The vulnerability management software needs to be updated.

Correct Answer: B
A rollback had been executed on the instance. If a database server is restored to a previous state, it may reintroduce a vulnerability that was previously fixed. This can happen due to backup and recovery operations, configuration changes, or software updates. A rollback can undo the patching or mitigation actions that were applied to remediate the vulnerability. References: Vulnerability Remediation: It’s Not Just Patching, Section: The Remediation Process; Vulnerability assessment for SQL Server, Section: Remediation

A company is in the process of implementing a vulnerability management program, and there are concerns about granting the security team access to sensitive data. Which of the following scanning methods can be implemented to reduce the access to systems while providing the most accurate vulnerability scan results?

1. A. Credentialed network scanning
2. B. Passive scanning
3. C. Agent-based scanning
4. D. Dynamic scanning

Correct Answer: C
Agent-based scanning is a method that involves installing software agents on the target systems or networks that can perform local scans and report the results to a central server or console. Agent-based scanning can reduce the access to systems, as the agents do not require any credentials or permissions to scan the local system or network. Agent-based scanning can also provide the most accurate vulnerability scan results, as the agents can scan continuously or on-demand, regardless of the system or network status or location.