- (Topic 3)
Ii is irue lhal science, and more particularly scientists. _____ cherished paradigms with great reluctance and that when they do. scientific revolutions may result.

1. A. unify
2. B. share
3. C. cede
4. D. embrace
5. E. dismantle
6. F. relinquish

Correct Answer: CF

- (Topic 3)
In 1995 the United States National Park Service reintroduced wolves into Yellowstone National Park, from which they had been eliminated decades before by overhunting. Biologists hoped the reintroduction would return the park's mix of animals to a more natural state. After the wolves* disappearance, the population of their onetime prey, the elk. had burgeoned. Subsequently, new tree growth declined as multiplying elk browsed young trees, denuding certain areas of the park. Following the wolves" return, the elk population declined and young trees rebounded. Most scientists attribute the vegetation changes to the wolves" return. However. Patton observes that Yellowstone has not had a harsh winter since wolf numbers reached high levels and suggests that elk may not have needed to resort to trees for food.
If the view attributed to the majority of scientists is correct, which of the following must be true?

1. A. The elk population in Yellowstone had probably begun to decline prior to the reintroduction of wolves to the park.
2. B. Browsing by species other than elk probably had a significant impact on young trees in Yellowstone.
3. C. Human activity contributed both to the decline and to the resurgence of new tree growth in Yellowstone.
4. D. The reintroduction of wolves to Yellowstone has had negative as well as positive effects on vegetation in the park.
5. E. The rate at which young trees rebounded in Yellowstone following the reintroduction of wolves was in part due to weather patterns.

Correct Answer: C

- (Topic 2)
The cube root of which of the following integers is equal to

1. A. 570
2. B. 3,000
3. C. 9.000
4. D. 27.000
5. E. 216.000

Correct Answer: B

CORRECT TEXT - (Topic 1)
The following appeared as a letter to the editor from the owner of a skate shop in Central Plaza.
"Two years ago the city council voted to prohibit skateboarding in Central Plaza. They claimed that skateboard users were responsible for litter and vandalism that were keeping other visitors from coming to the plaza. In the past two years, however, there has been only
a small increase in the number of visitors to Central Plaza. and litter and vandalism are still problematic. Skateboarding is permitted in Monroe Park, however, and there is no problem with litter or vandalism there. In order to restore Central Plaza to its former glory, then, we recommend that the city lift its prohibition on skateboarding in the plaza."
Write a response in which you discuss what questions would need to be answered in order to decide whether the recommendation and the argument on which it is based are reasonable. Be sure to explain how the answers to these questions would help to evaluate the recommendation.
Solution:
The given letter describes in detail the recommendation of the owner of a skate shop in the central plaza.The letter mentions that the city council had prohibited and imposed restrcitions on the usage of skateboard in the central plaza.though the argument in the letter deems to be possible, there are various illsutration and dearth of facts that makes the arguement placed in the letter to be weak and it is also subject lo be undermined.
Firstly, the number of other factors have not been considered or taken into account. there must be simple and logical solution stated for the menace stated by the authorities. The owner has not stated or even refuted the argument of the council which makes the argument to be flawed. The other fcators have to be questioned and the reasons on how to stop them in future need to be introspected.
Secondly, comparative statement about the other park has been stated in an ambiguous manner and the owner has failed to mention clear and concrete illustrations, paradigm question needs to be. if both the parks are of the same kind and the same nature. They should also be in a position to answer the question pertaning to the prohibitive mechanism and also the differences between the parks. I would also like to question if both the plazas follow the same protocol and litter control norms.
Thirdly, failed to mention on how the the factor of lilting the band and restriction would be advantageous for the general public and the city council. This argument is also not supported . There might be several other reasons except the prohibition that causes only a small increase in the number of clientele. For instance, the local population.;! better plaza nearby.

Does this meet the goal?

1. A. Yes
2. B. No

Correct Answer: A

- (Topic 3)
Female Australian Duiiatothrip.% (small, sap-sucking insects] create tent-like structures on the surface of leaves to protect themselves and their eggs and larvae from desiccation in the arid Australian climate. Bono and Crespi compared survival and reproduction of tlirips that founded structures alone with those in groups of two or more individuals. They found that although per capita egg production fell with increasing group size, foundresses were more likely to survive and lay eggs in groups than when alone. Several studies of other species of nest-building insects have concluded that foundress associations are beneficial to all parties. It is likely that the relative success of groups is at least in part accounted for by a reduction of energy use in the modification of a shared nest.
The author would most likely agree with which of the following claims about Australian Drmatolhrips ?

1. A. Their offspring survival rates increase when larger groups cooperate to modify nests.
2. B. Their effect on the leaves used to support their tent-like structures is not necessarily permanent
3. C. They expend as much energy to create tent-like structures as they do to produce broods.
4. D. They exhibit an effect from collective activity that is also found in certain other insect species.
5. E. They modify nests in different ways depending on what other species are present in their vicinity.

Correct Answer: D