Which of the following bones are part of the hindfoot?

1. A. Phalanges
2. B. Cuboid
3. C. Navicular
4. D. Talus

Correct Answer: D
The talus is also known as the ankle bone to which the tibia and fibula connect. The other bone of the hindfoot region is the calcaneus also known as the heel.

What do the trapezium, trapezoid, capitate and hamate have in common?

1. A. comprise the proximal row of carpal bones
2. B. comprise the distal row of carpal bones
3. C. tarsal bones of the foot
4. D. bones of the cranium

Correct Answer: B
The trapezium, trapezoid, capitate and hamate comprise the distal row of carpal bones of the hand. The scaphoid lunate, triquetrum and pisiform comprise the proximal row of carpals.

Where would you locate stratum lucidum?

1. A. heart
2. B. muscle
3. C. skin
4. D. bone

Correct Answer: C
Stratum lucidum is a translucent buildup of two to three layers of dead skin cells typically found on the palms of the hands or the soles of the feet. Stratum lucidum is located between the deeper stratum granulosum and the more superficial stratum corneum layers of skin. The thickness of stratum layers of cells is governed by the rate of mitosis (cellular division.)

Which muscle is flexed during forced exhalation?

1. A. Abdominals
2. B. Rectus femoris
3. C. Diaghram
4. D. llliopsoas

Correct Answer: A
During a forced exhalation, the abdominal muscles are engaged to assist the expulsion of air from the lungs.

Apley??s scratch test is used to determine the range of motion of the ______.

1. A. wrist
2. B. shoulder
3. C. neck
4. D. hips

Correct Answer: B
The Apley??s scratch test requires a client to reach behind their back, one hand from above reaching down and the other hand from behind reaching up to scratch between the shoulder blades. The test is designed to assess the range of motion of both shoulders in each direction. The client then repeats the action with the opposite hand to measure range of motion in the other direction.