Where would you locate the obturator foramen?

1. A. Pelvis
2. B. Jaw
3. C. Skull
4. D. Spine

Correct Answer: C
The obturator foramen is the gap created by the ischium and pubis bones of the pelvis which allows passage for the nerves and blood vessels that supply the leg. The shape of the obturator foramen differ between the sexes with the gap in men being round and in women being oval.

Which muscle would be shortened in a client with an increased lordotic curvature?

1. A. qluteals
2. B. trapezius
3. C. scalenes
4. D. psoas

Correct Answer: D
Lordosis is a condition of the lumbar spine which causes and anteriorly
rotated pelvis. The anterior rotation causes the hip flexors to tighten which includes a shortening of the psoas muscle.

What does the term olfaction relate to?

1. A. Sense of smell
2. B. Sense of taste
3. C. Eyesight
4. D. Hearing

Correct Answer: A
Olfaction is the sense of smell. Special sensory cells in the nasal cavity called olfactory sensors are designed to transmit the sense of smell via the detection of odor molecules.

Which of the following functions does the pineal gland help regulate?

1. A. Movement
2. B. Digestion
3. C. Blood pressure
4. D. Sleep patterns

Correct Answer: D
The pineal gland is a small endocrine gland that produces seratonin, the hormone that regulates sleep patterns.

Which of the following valves is between the stomach and the small intestine?

1. A. Pyloric
2. B. Mitral
3. C. Ileocecal
4. D. Eustachian

Correct Answer: A
The valve between the stomach and the small intestine is the pyloric valve also known as the pylorus or pyloric sphincter.