During an engagement, a penetration tester needs to break the key for the Wi-Fi network that uses WPA2 encryption. Which of the following attacks would accomplish this objective?
Correct Answer:
D
KRACK (Key Reinstallation Attack) exploits a vulnerability in the WPA2 protocol to decrypt and inject packets, potentially allowing an attacker to break the encryption key and gain access to the Wi-Fi network.
✑ Understanding KRACK:
✑ Attack Steps:
✑ Impact:
✑ Mitigation:
✑ References from Pentesting Literature: Step-by-Step ExplanationReferences:
✑ Penetration Testing - A Hands-on Introduction to Hacking
✑ HTB Official Writeups
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DRAG DROP
During a penetration test, you gain access to a system with a limited user interface. This machine appears to have access to an isolated network that you would like to port scan.
INSTRUCTIONS
Analyze the code segments to determine which sections are needed to complete a port scanning script.
Drag the appropriate elements into the correct locations to complete the script.
If at any time you would like to bring back the initial state of the simulation, please click the Reset All button.
Solution:
Does this meet the goal?
Correct Answer:
A
A penetration tester downloads a JAR file that is used in an organization's production environment. The tester evaluates the contents of the JAR file to identify potentially vulnerable components that can be targeted for exploit. Which of the following describes the tester's activities?
Correct Answer:
D
The tester??s activity involves analyzing the contents of a JAR file to identify potentially vulnerable components. This process is known as Software Composition Analysis (SCA). Here??s why:
✑ Understanding SCA:
✑ Comparison with Other Terms:
The tester??s activity of examining a JAR file for vulnerable components aligns with SCA, making it the correct answer.
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Which of the following protocols would a penetration tester most likely utilize to exfiltrate data covertly and evade detection?
Correct Answer:
D
Covert data exfiltration is a crucial aspect of advanced penetration testing. Penetration testers often need to move data out of a network without being detected by the organization's security monitoring tools. Here's a breakdown of the potential methods and why DNS is the preferred choice for covert data exfiltration:
✑ FTP (File Transfer Protocol) (Option A):
✑ HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure) (Option B):
✑ SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol) (Option C):
✑ DNS (Domain Name System) (Option D):
Conclusion: DNS tunneling stands out as the most effective method for covert data exfiltration due to its ability to blend in with normal network traffic and avoid detection by conventional security mechanisms. Penetration testers utilize this method to evade scrutiny while exfiltrating data.
A penetration tester has found a web application that is running on a cloud virtual machine instance. Vulnerability scans show a potential SSRF for the same application URL path with an injectable parameter. Which of the following commands should the tester run to successfully test for secrets exposure exploitability?
Correct Answer:
A
In a cloud environment, testing for Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) vulnerabilities involves attempting to access metadata services. Here??s why the specified command is appropriate:
✑ Accessing Cloud Metadata Service:
✑ Comparison with Other Commands:
Using curl <url>?param=http://169.254.169.254/latest/meta-data/ is the correct approach to test for SSRF vulnerabilities in cloud environments to potentially expose secrets.
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