After a remote command execution incident occurred on a web server, a security analyst found the following piece of code in an XML file:

Which of the following it the BEST solution to mitigate this type of attack?

1. A. Implement a better level of user input filters and content sanitization.
2. B. Property configure XML handlers so they do not process sent parameters coming from user inputs.
3. C. Use parameterized Queries to avoid user inputs horn being processed by the server.
4. D. Escape user inputs using character encoding conjoined with whitelisting

Correct Answer: A
The piece of code in the XML file is an example of a command injection attack, which is a type of attack that exploits insufficient input validation or output encoding to execute arbitrary commands on a server or system2
The attacker can inject malicious commands into an XML element that is processed by an XML handler on the server, and cause the server to execute those commands. The best solution to mitigate this type of attack is to implement a better level of user input filters and content sanitization, which means checking and validating any user input before processing it, and removing or encoding any potentially harmful characters or commands.

An organization wants to implement a privileged access management solution to belter manage the use of emergency and privileged service accounts Which of the following would BEST satisfy the organization's goal?

1. A. Access control lists
2. B. Discretionary access controls
3. C. Policy-based access controls
4. D. Credential vaulting

Correct Answer: D
Credential vaulting is a solution that would best satisfy the organization’s goal of implementing a privileged access management solution. Credential vaulting is a technique that securely stores and manages the credentials of privileged accounts, such as emergency and service accounts. Credential vaulting can help prevent unauthorized or accidental use of privileged accounts by enforcing strict access policies, such as
requiring approval, authentication, or auditing for each access request. Credential vaulting can also help rotate or expire the passwords of privileged accounts to reduce the risk of compromise3.

A company's threat team has been reviewing recent security incidents and looking for a common theme. The team discovered the incidents were caused by incorrect configurations on the impacted systems. The issues were reported to support teams, but no action was taken. Which of the following is the next step the company should take to ensure any future issues are remediated?

1. A. Require support teams to develop a corrective control that ensures security failures are addressed once they are identified.
2. B. Require support teams to develop a preventive control that ensures new systems are built with the required security configurations.
3. C. Require support teams to develop a detective control that ensures they continuously assess systems for configuration errors.
4. D. Require support teams to develop a managerial control that ensures systems have a documented configuration baseline.

Correct Answer: A
Requiring support teams to develop a corrective control that ensures security failures are addressed once they are identified is the best step to prevent future issues from being remediated. Corrective controls are actions or mechanisms that are implemented after a security incident or failure has occurred to fix or restore the normal state of the system or network. Corrective controls can include patching, updating, repairing, restoring, or reconfiguring systems or components that were affected by the incident or failure .

A software developer is correcting the error-handling capabilities of an application following the initial coding of the fix. Which of the following would the software developer MOST likely performed to validate the code poor to pushing it to production?

1. A. Web-application vulnerability scan
2. B. Static analysis
3. C. Packet inspection
4. D. Penetration test

Correct Answer: B
Static analysis is a method of analyzing software code without executing it, by using tools or techniques that check for syntax errors, logic errors, vulnerabilities, coding standards, and other quality issues. Static analysis can help software developers to correct the error-handling capabilities of an application before pushing it to production, as it can detect potential errors and bugs at an early stage of development. A web-application vulnerability scan (A) is a method of testing web applications for security flaws by simulating attacks and analyzing responses. It can be useful for finding vulnerabilities in web applications, but not for validating the error-handling capabilities of an application. A packet inspection © is a method of monitoring network traffic by examining the data packets that are sent and received over a network. It can be useful for detecting malicious or unauthorized activity on a network, but not for validating the error-handling capabilities of an application. A penetration test (D) is a method of evaluating the security of a system or network by simulating real-world attacks and exploiting vulnerabilities. It can be useful for assessing the overall security posture of a system or network, but not for validating the error-handling capabilities of an application.
References: : https://www.techopedia.com/definition/14436/static-analysis : https://www.techopedia.com/definition/4160/web-application-security-scanner-was : https://www.techopedia.com/definition/4010/packet-inspection : https://www.techopedia.com/definition/13493/penetration-testing

A developer is working on a program to convert user-generated input in a web form before it is displayed by the browser. This technique is referred to as:

1. A. output encoding.
2. B. data protection.
3. C. query parameterization.
4. D. input validation.

Correct Answer: A
Output encoding is a technique that converts user-generated input in a web form before it is displayed by the browser. Output encoding is a form of data sanitization that prevents cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks, which occur when malicious scripts are injected into web pages and executed by unsuspecting users4. Output encoding works by replacing special characters in user input, such as <, >, ", ', &, etc., with their
HTML-encoded equivalents, such as <, >, ", ', &, etc. This prevents the browser from interpreting the user input as HTML or JavaScript code and executing it.